Augmentation mammoplasty is a type of plastic surgery to enlarge the breast and correct its shape.The operation is performed using special implants, which feel almost in no way inferior to natural mammary glands.
What is it
Breast augmentation with implants is a plastic surgery that allows you to correct the mammary glands.This technique is applied to women who have sagging breasts, changes in their shape and volume, for example, as a result of bearing a child or breastfeeding.
Augmentation mammoplasty is one of the methods of surgical breast enlargement and correction of its shape.
The operation is prescribed after a comprehensive examination and is performed in a hospital.
In this case, implants of different shapes, contents and volumes are used, which can be installed under the fascia, gland or pectoralis major muscle.
The location of the incisions may also vary.To avoid the development of complications after the intervention, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the rules of care.
To make the mammary glands look more natural after surgery, the specialist will give recommendations on choosing the size of implants.
Types of prostheses
All materials are divided into several varieties.
By content
They are classified into several types.
Silicone
They consist of a cohesive gel of varying degrees of density.The peculiarity of such implants is that if damaged, they do not leak.
Salt
Filling: saline solution.Such products are less popular than others, but their cost will be somewhat lower.In addition, they have a shorter shelf life, and when worn under the skin, bumps and bumps can form.
Installation of selected implants is a key stage of augmentation mammoplasty.
The rehabilitation process and how painful it will be depend on their correct location and contact with tissues.
With competent actions by the surgeon, most complications can be easily avoided.
Hydrogel
This is a new generation bioimplant.It is fully compatible with the human body, which almost completely eliminates the risk of rejection.Hydrogel has many positive properties, and its quality is in no way inferior to silicone prostheses.Their advantage is elasticity, safety and non-toxicity.
By shape
Experts distinguish between round and teardrop-shaped implants.The first ones are used for minor changes in the mammary glands.Breast augmentation with round implants is suitable for women who want to achieve a natural breast shape.
By surface type and profile
The surface of the dentures can be smooth or rough.
There are also high and low implants.
When choosing a product, the doctor must take into account the patient’s age, weight, height, body type, sternum structure, condition of the mammary glands and their size.
Access methods
To insert an implant into the chest cavity, specialists use three types of tissue dissection, resulting in replacement of the vacuum space.
Periareolar
The breast tissue is dissected at the location of the areola.The main advantage of this technique is that the doctor has the opportunity not only to correct the shape of the nipple, but also to change its position.
The scar after surgery almost completely disappears over time.
Submammary
An incision is made along the crease line under the breast.In terms of scar inconspicuousness, this method is considered the most convenient, since the seam is located in the place where the mammary gland covers the skin of the torso.
Axillary
Involves incisions in the area located near the armpits.The method is sloppy and more complex;the scars will be located in a visible place.In addition, in this case it is difficult to correctly place the implants in the pocket between the mammary gland and the muscle.
Location of prostheses
They may be placed under the muscle fascia, under the mammary gland, or under the pectoralis major muscle.A combined method is often used, in which several location tactics are combined at once.
Difficulty categories
To determine this indicator, the following values must be taken into account:
- dotaccess;
- volumesurgical intervention;
- anatomicalpeculiaritiesand the desired size of the prosthesis;
- generalstateclients;
- presence of relativerestrictionsto the operation.
Plastic surgery involves three categories of complexity.
First
Augmentation mammoplasty of the 1st degree of complexity involves periareolar access and endoprosthetics.At the same time, the method is characterized by moderate trauma and a minimal amount of surgical intervention.
Second
The patient's condition is satisfactory.Prosthetics with a vertical scar are performed;assumes a medium level of intervention and injury.
Third
There are relative limitations that can cause complications.An anchor lift is performed, during which implants are installed.
Indications
Mammoplasty is performed not only to improve the appearance of the mammary glands, but also to eliminate deformities and other defects.
The main indications for plastic surgery include:
- smallsizebreasts;
- asymmetry;
- saggingbreast or prolapse of the areola, which may occur against the background of rapid weight loss;
- changeformsas a result of lactation or childbirth;
- hyperpigmentationpacifier;
- incorrectly executedplasticbefore this;
- deformationcongenital roundness.
However, the main factor still remains aesthetic transformation.
Contraindications
Correction of the mammary glands using gel or silicone prostheses has its absolute and relative limitations.
The first group includes:
- diseasesinternal organs with severe disease;
- ageup to 18 years old;
- infancy periodfeeding;
- Cancer;
- mentalabnormalities and epileptic seizures;
- violationcoagulabilityblood;
- infections.
Relative contraindications include:
- fibrous nodesinside the mammary gland;
- bigweight;
- syphilisand HIV;
- chronic formhepatitis;
- diseasesautoimmunesystems, for example, rheumatism, nephritis, scleroderma;
- varicosedilatation of veins
In addition, it is not recommended to perform surgery for diabetes mellitus at the compensation stage.The operation will have to be postponed during menstruation or if there is an unreasonable increase in body temperature.
Preparation
Augmentation mammoplasty includes preparation.
An important point is to visit some specialists.The surgeon examines the mammary glands, the condition of the skin in this area, and determines the size and volume of the breast.In addition, the doctor will tell you about the actions during the surgical procedure, the consequences and the result.
A consultation with a gynecologist, mammologist and therapist will help identify any limitations to surgery.The anesthesiologist will help determine the presence of individual intolerance and a tendency to develop an allergic reaction to medications and materials used.
After this, the patient is given a referral for laboratory testing, which may include the following tests:
- blood and urine;
- biochemistry;
- for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis;
- sugar test;
- per group and Rh factor;
- coagulogram.
Instrumental examination involves performing fluorography, radiographs, electrocardiograms and ultrasound examinations.
In the presence of pathological processes occurring in a chronic form, it will be necessary to obtain a report from the attending physician, which will indicate the duration of remission.
If no contraindications for surgical intervention have been identified, the woman needs to follow a number of recommendations at the preparation stage.
No later than one and a half weeks before the expected date, you need to stop smoking and drinking alcohol.Do not expose the body to stressful situations and nervous overstrain.You will also have to stop taking medications that reduce blood clotting.
Execution technique
Arrival at the clinic is possible the day before or directly on the day of the surgical intervention.Before this, the doctor may advise the patient to take a sedative at night, which will help relieve nervous tension and ensure good sleep.In the morning at the hospital, the woman's blood pressure and body temperature are measured.
After this, the specialist administers general anesthesia.The surface of the skin in the area of the mammary glands is treated with an antiseptic solution, catheters are installed and the body is connected to a special device that allows you to monitor the condition of the body during the operation.
After the anesthetic takes effect, the doctor proceeds directly to the manipulation itself.A cut of the required length is made in a pre-selected area.The tissue is carefully detached to form a pocket into which the implant will later be placed.To stop bleeding, the vessels are cauterized.
Next, the surgeon takes out the endoprosthesis and installs it in the desired position through the incision.After all the manipulations are completed, a suture and a fixing bandage are applied to the wound.The mammary glands are supported by shapewear, which will prevent the implant from moving to the side.
Recovery period
First of all, proper care of the wound surface is necessary, which will not only avoid the formation of pustular formations, but also speed up the healing process.
As a rule, self-absorbing sutures are applied to the incision and do not require removal.After about 7 days, the patient will only need to remove the nodules that will protrude above the surface of the skin.
To prevent scarring, you will need to apply a plaster to the seam and wear a corset.
Since in the first few days after the operation the woman will be bothered by pronounced pain, the specialist will recommend taking analgesics to eliminate it.Antibiotics are prescribed to reduce the chance of infection.
To relieve swelling, you should not take a warm shower or bath or expose your body to any physical activity for two weeks.To prevent capsular contracture, it is necessary to massage the breasts, but this can be done no earlier than 2 weeks after the installation of the implants.
For 5 days you need to avoid visiting the sauna, bathhouse and solarium.Tanning in direct sunlight is also prohibited.
Particular attention should be paid to diet during the recovery period.Food should be light and easily digestible.You need to include more iron-containing fruits and vegetables and fortified cocktails in your diet.
Complications
All possible side effects are divided into two groups.
Early
This category includes the formation of bruises, microhematomas, swelling and pain.Such phenomena are not dangerous to human health and disappear on their own within a few days.
Late
This group includes:
- openingbleeding– vascular damage contributes to the development of complications;
- seroma– appears, as a rule, a few hours after the intervention, so the patient must remain in a hospital setting for 1-3 days;
- losssensitivitynipple-areolar complex - often occurs as a result of damage to the tactile nerve;
- hematomas;
- suppurationat the site of sutures - the main cause of complications is non-compliance with septic and antiseptic rules;
- educationkeloidsscars and hypertrophied tissue;
- rupture ordeflation(expiration) of the prosthesis;
- dystopiaimplants;
- capsularfibrous type contracture.
Each of the above consequences requires immediate medical intervention.
Augmentation mammoplasty is a complex surgical procedure that requires highly qualified surgeons.Therefore, before making a decision about breast augmentation with implants, you need to weigh the pros and cons and take seriously the choice of the clinic where the manipulation will be performed.